Opisthorchis viverrini metacercarial infection in cyprinid fish in Nakhon Phanom Province, Northeastern Thailand

@#Opisthorchiasis is endemic in parts of Southeast Asia, including the northern and northeastern regions of Thailand. In these regions, the transmission by fish intermediate hosts has received little attention. We investigated the intensity of Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae (OV MC) in wild cyprinid fishes from five districts within the Nakhon Phanom Province, Northeast Thailand. Fishes were procured from local markets in five districts throughout three different seasons (hot, rainy and cold) between February 2018 and January 2019. The samples were identified, counted and weighed before metacercariae detection was performed via the artificial digestion method. A total of 2,149 freshwater fishes, representing 20 species were collected. The fish most commonly contaminated with OV MC were Anematichthys repasson and Hampala dispar. The intensity of OV MC in Nakhon Phanom was 0.23 OV MC/fish and varied among districts, ranging from 0.07 to 0.52. A low intensity of OV MC/fish (defined as <1 cyst) was found in all three different seasons in the Nakhon Phanom Province; hot season (0.55), cold season (0.22) and the rainy season (0.13). The intensity of OV MC/fish was moderate (defined as >1 cyst) in the Renu Nakhon district (2.5) in the hot season. By fish species, H. dispar yielded the highest, with a moderate intensity of 2.1. In natural freshwater cyprinid fish in Nakhon Phanom, OV MC infection is endemic with intensity rates varying according to district, season and fish species.

Fasciolosis intrahepática que simulaba un colangiocarcinoma: Reporte de un caso infrecuente / Intrahepatic fasciolosis that simulated a cholangiocarcinoma: Report an infrequent case

La fasciolosis es una infección parasitaria causada por 2 tipos de fasciola, siendo la más común de tipo hepática, la forma infectante son las metacercarias. Su prevalencia radica en zonas de nivel socioeconómicas bajo y zonas ganaderas. El objetivo es presentar un caso de presentación atípica en el que se evitó someter al paciente a un tratamiento quirúrgico innecesario. Presentamos un caso de un paciente masculino de 69 años que presentó Colangitis, su ecografía y tomografía evidenció dilatación de la vía biliar, por lo que se le realizó una con la colangiopancreatografía retrograda endoscópica (CPRE) evidenciándose una estenosis de colédoco cerca de la bifurcación biliar y una larva de fasciola hepática, la endomicroscopía confocal (EM) no era concluyente, se tomó biopsia de la estenosis que reportó colangiocarcinoma, pero como el paciente no tenía pérdida patológica de peso y marcadores tumorales negativos, se le indicó tratamiento antiparasitario y se realizó una nueva CPRE que evidenció en la EM mucosa inflamatoria de aspecto crónico no tumoral que se confirmó con la nueva biopsia, el paciente tuvo una evolución favorable, de esta forma evitamos un tratamiento no requerido.

Fasciolosis is a parasitic infection caused by 2 types of fasciola, being the most common of hepatic type, the infective form is the metacercariae. Its prevalence lies in low socio-economic zones and livestock areas. The objective is to present a case of atypical presentation in which the patient was avoided to undergo an unnecessary surgical treatment. We present a case of a 69-year-old male patient who presented Cholangitis, his sonography and tomography evidenced dilatation of the bile duct, and one was performed with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), showing a choledochal stenosis near the bile bifurcation And a liver fasciola larva, confocal endomicroscopy (MS) was inconclusive, biopsy of the stenosis that reported cholangiocarcinoma was reported, but since the patient had no pathological weight loss and negative tumor markers, he was given antiparasitic treatment and was performed A new ERCP that showed in the inflammatory mucosa of chronic non-tumor aspect that was confirmed with the new biopsy, the patient had a favorable evolution, thus avoiding an unnecessary treatment.

Infections with Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fishes from Two Visiting Sites of Migratory Birds in Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea

The infection status of digenetic trematode metacercariae (DTM) was investigated in fishes from 2 representative visiting sites of migratory birds in Gyeongsangnam-do, the Republic of Korea (Korea). A totaly 220 freshwater fishes (7 species) were collected from Junam-jeosuji (reservoir), and 127 fishes (7 species) were also collected from Woopo-neup (swamp) in June and October 2017. As the control group, total 312 fish (22 spp.) from Yangcheon in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do were also collected in June and October 2017. All fishes collected in 3 sites were examined with the artificial digestion method. In the fishes from Junam-jeosuji, more than 4 species, i.e., Clonorchis sinensis, Echinostoma spp., Diplostomum spp. and Cyathocotyle orientalis, of DTM were detected and their endemicy was very low, 0.70. More than 6 species, i.e., C. sinensis, Echinostoma spp., Metorchis orientalis, Clinostomum complanatum, Diplostomum spp. and C. orientalis, of DTM were found in the fishes from Woopo-neup, and their endemicy was low, 5.16. In the fishes from Yangcheon, more than 8 species, i.e., C. sinensis, Metagonimus spp., Centrocestus armatus, C. complanatum, C. orientalis, M. orientalis, Echinostoma spp., and Diplostomum spp., of DTM were detected, and their endemicity was relatively high, 95.48. The percentages of avian trematode metacercariae (ATM) were 99.6% and 94.7% in fishes from Junam-jeosuji and Woopo-neup whereas it was 74.1% in the control site, Yangcheon. The above findings suggested that migratory birds partly affect in endemicity of DTM in the fish in the 2 visiting sites in Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea.

Infection Status with Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Fishes from Coastal Lakes in Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea

The infection status of digenetic trematode metacercariae (DTM) was investigated in fishes from coastal lakes in Gangwon-do, the Republic of Korea (Korea). All fishes collected in 5 lakes were examined with the artificial digestion method. More than 10 species, i.e., Metagonimus spp., Pygidiopsis summa, Centrocestus armatus, Metorchis orientalis, M. taiwanensis, Clinostomum complanatum, Echinostoma spp., Stictodora spp., Diplostomum sp. and Diplostomid No. 1. by Morita (1960), of DTM were detected in fishes from 5 coastal lakes in Gangwon-do. Metagonimus spp. metacercariae were found in 52 (41.3%) out of 126 sea rundace, Tribolodon hakonensis, from 5 lakes, and their density was 14.6 per fish infected. P. summa metacercariae were detected in 48 (84.2%) out of 57 mullets from 5 lakes, and their density was 316 per fish infected. C. armatus metacercariae were detected in 7 (14.6%) T. hakonensis and 3 (15.0%) Tridentiger brevispinis from Hyang-ho, and 5 (19.2%) Acanthogobius flavimanus from Gyeongpo-ho. Stictodora spp. metacercariae were found in 4 fish species, i.e., Tridentiger obscurus, Tridentiger trigonocephalus, Chelon haematocheilus, and Acanthogobius lactipes, from Gyeongpo-ho. Total 15 C. complanatum metacercariae were detected in 2 (9.1%) crucian carp, Carassius auratus, from Songji-ho. M. taiwanensis metacercariae were found in T. hakonensis from Hyang-ho and Gyeongpo-ho and in Pseudorasbora parva from Gyeongpo-ho. Total 11 M. orientalis metacercariae were detected in 3 (6.3%) T. hakonensis from Hyang-ho. From the above results, it was confirmed that various species of DTM are infected in fishes from coastal lakes in Gangwon-do, Korea.

Infections with Digenean Trematode Metacercariae in Two Invasive Alien Fish, Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus, in Two Rivers in Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea

Present study was performed to survey infection status of digenetic trematode metacercariae in 2 alien fish species, Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) and Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill), in 2 rivers draining Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea. A total of 107 largemouth bass and 244 bluegills were caught in Daecheong-ho (ho=lake) and Musim-cheon (a branch of Geum-gang), in Chungcheongbuk-do April–July 2015. Additionally, 68 native fish of 5 species, i.e., Zacco platypus, Hemibarbus longirostris, Carassius auratus, Pseudogobio esocinus and Puntungia herzi, were caught from the same water bodies. All of the fish collected were examined by artificial digestion method. The metacercariae of Centrocestus armatus, Clinostomum complanatum, Metagonimus sp. and Diplostomum spp. were detected from 4 out of 5 native fish species in Daecheong-ho. However, any metacercariae were not found from 87 M. salmoides and 177 L. macrochirus in Daecheong-ho. In Musim-cheon, metacercariae of Exorchis oviformis and Metacercaria hasegawai were detected from 78% Z. platypus and 34% L. macrochirus, but any metacercariae not found in M. salmoides. We report here that the 2 alien fish species were less infected with the metacercariae than the native ones. Surveys on the metacercariae in the alien fish species in geographically various rivers should be undertaken for better understanding on the role of alien fish species in the trematode infections in Republic of Korea.

Infections with Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Yellowfin Goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus, from Coastal Areas of Republic of Korea

To investigate the infection status of zoonotic trematode metacercariae in yellowfin goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus, from coastal areas of the Republic of Korea (Korea), we examined total 344 gobies from 21 localities with an artificial digestion method from 2013 to 2017. The metacercariae of Stictodora lari were most frequently detected in 45.3% goby from 7 localities, i.e., Taean-gun (Chungcheongnam-do), Gochang-gun (Jeollabuk-do), Muan-gun, Shinan-gun, Haenam-gun (Jeollanam-do), Hadong-gun and Goseong-gun (Gyeongsangnam-do). Their infection rates were 90.0%, 66.7%, 46.7%, 8.0%, 3.3%, 26.7%, and 86.7% and intensities were 1,090, 6.2, 1.6 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, and 7.2 metacercariae per fish infected respectively. Heterophyopsis continua metacercariae were found in 38.2% goby from 6 localities, i.e., Gochang-gun, Muan-gun, Shinan-gun, Gangjin-gun, Boseong-gun (Jeollanam-do) and Goseong-gun, and their intensities were relatively low, 1–21 metacercariae. Stictodora fuscata metacercariae were detected in 61.3% goby from 4 localities, i.e., Taean-gun, Gochang-gun, Hadong-gun and Goseong-gun. Their infection rates were 90.0%, 53.3%, 5.9%, and 73.3% and intensities were 1,081, 3.1, 3.0, and 10.2 metacercariae per fish infected respectively. Heterophyes nocens metacercariae were found in 55.0% goby from Muan-gun and Shinan-gun. Total 3 metacercariae of Isthmiophora hortensis were detected in 2 (8.0%) gobies from Shinan-gun. Total 15 metacercariae of Centrocestus armatus were detected in 5 gobies (33.3%) from Gyeongpo-ho (ho means lake) in Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do. The present study suggests that yellowfin goby, A. flavimanus, acts as the infection sources of zoonotic intestinal flukes in western and southern coastal areas than in eastern coastal areas of Korea.

Opisthorchis felineus and Metorchis bilis Metacercariae in Cyprinid Fish Leuciscus idus in Nura-Sarysu River, Kazakhstan

Aim of the present study was to provide presence of opisthorchiid metacercariae in cyprinid fish Leuciscus idus in Nura-Sarysu river, Kazakhstan. Infection rate of the ides by the metacercariae was 42%. The metacercariae, similar morphologically to those of the liver flukes, were found: elliptical in shape, 0.19–0.25×0.15–0.22 mm, oral and ventral suckers nearly equal size, and excretory bladder O-shape with black content, occupying posterior part of the body. The metacercariae were divided into 2 groups with differences in size and thickness of cyst wall. Adult flukes were recovered from the Syrian hamsters infected with the opisthorch metacercariae and identified with morphological characters to Opisthorchis felineus and Metorchis bilis. DNA sequences of ITS1, ITS2, and cox1 supported the taxonomic assignment.

"Liver fluke": conceptos actuales sobre fascioliasis / Liver fluke: update on fascioliasis

Fascioliasis is a parasitic disease produced mainly by the fluke Fasciola hepatica. The human infection is mainly due to the accidental intake of metacercariae present in watercress and/or contaminated water. The human disease is uncommon in Chile, despite the high prevalence of animal infection, which affects almost the entire national territory and determines high economic and productive impacts. Human fascioliasis can manifest like acute or chronic phase of the disease (in Chile, the majority in chronic phase) and its identification requires a high index of suspicion, in individuals with abdominal pain, hepatomegaly and eosinophilia, where the epidemiological background of watercress ingestion is usually present. Diagnosis usually requires the integration of egg visualization in stools, serology and imaging studies. The treatment of choice with triclabendazole is usually highly effective and safe.

La fascioliasis es una enfermedad parasitaria producida principalmente por el trematodo Fasciola hepática. La infección en el hombre, quien es un huésped accidental, se debe principalmente a la ingesta de metacercarias presentes en berros y/o aguas contaminadas. La enfermedad en humanos es infrecuente en Chile, a pesar de la alta prevalencia de infección animal, que afecta a casi todo el territorio nacional y determina un alto impacto económico y productivo. La fascioliasis humana puede manifestarse en fase aguda o crónica (en Chile, la mayoría en fase crónica) y su identificación requiere un alto índice de sospecha, en individuos con dolor abdominal, hepatomegalia y eosinofilia, donde el antecedente epidemiológico de ingesta de berros suele estar presente. El diagnóstico, habitualmente requiere la integración de la visualización directa de huevos en las deposiciones, estudios de serología e imágenes. El tratamiento de elección con triclabendazol, habitualmente es altamente efectivo y seguro.

Resistance on Fasciola hepatica metacercariae / 中国人兽共患病学报

We observed the survival situation after treatments of Fasciola hepatica metacercariae by heating,drying and food seasoning.Results showed that after treating with microwave high fire and boiling water,all the metacercariae died.There were four metacercariae died after putting on the slide and dried them for 24 hours,while two died after attaching on the blade for 40 hours.The metacercariae all survived in the garlic,soy sauce,and vinegar liquid for 10,20 and 30 min;After 10,20 and 30 min soaking in the same amount of mixed liquor of the three kinds of condiments,saturated brine and the liquor of 38°,part of the metacercariae were survival.The rest of the metacercariae showed clear structures,but the bodies did not move with no obvious characteristic of death of metacercariae.Storing for 4 ℃ in the next 10 months,there was still the survival of metacercariae.In conclusion,the commonly used seasoning had no effect on metacercariae.Natural drying for 1-2 days could not completely kill the metacercariae.A low temperature for a long time could maintain vitality.Heating via boiling water for 10 sec or microwave high fire for 30 s could kill metacercariae.

Resistance on Fasciola hepatica metacercariae / 中国人兽共患病学报

We observed the survival situation after treatments of Fasciola hepatica metacercariae by heating,drying and food seasoning.Results showed that after treating with microwave high fire and boiling water,all the metacercariae died.There were four metacercariae died after putting on the slide and dried them for 24 hours,while two died after attaching on the blade for 40 hours.The metacercariae all survived in the garlic,soy sauce,and vinegar liquid for 10,20 and 30 min;After 10,20 and 30 min soaking in the same amount of mixed liquor of the three kinds of condiments,saturated brine and the liquor of 38°,part of the metacercariae were survival.The rest of the metacercariae showed clear structures,but the bodies did not move with no obvious characteristic of death of metacercariae.Storing for 4 ℃ in the next 10 months,there was still the survival of metacercariae.In conclusion,the commonly used seasoning had no effect on metacercariae.Natural drying for 1-2 days could not completely kill the metacercariae.A low temperature for a long time could maintain vitality.Heating via boiling water for 10 sec or microwave high fire for 30 s could kill metacercariae.

Sphincterodiplostomum musculosum(Digenea, Diplostomidae) in Geophagus brasiliensis(Perciformes, Cichlidae) collected in a lake at Dois Córregos, São Paulo, Brazil / Sphincterodiplostomum musculosum (Digenea, Diplostomidae) em Geophagus brasiliensis (Perciformes, Cichlidae) coletados em um lago no Município de Dois Córregos, São Paulo, Brasil

ABSTRACT:Geophagus brasiliensis is a freshwater cichlid distributed throughout the whole South America. It is a territorial fish, generally omnivorous, which preferentially inhabits the bottom of water bodies. Previous studies have reported species of digenetic trematodes parasitizing G. brasiliensis. This study identifies theSphincterodiplostomum musculosumDubois, 1936, a Diplostomidae digenetic, commonly found in many teleostean species. More than 50% of the hosts analyzed had their eyes infected with metacercariae of S. musculosum. A positive correlation was observed between the hosts standard length and the abundance of S. musculosum, a fact that corroborates with other studies on this parasite. This paper reports the first occurrence of S. musculosumin G. brasiliensis, which is also the first record in Dois Córregos City, São Paulo State, Brazil.

RESUMO:Geophagus brasiliensis é um ciclídeo de água doce distribuído por toda a América do Sul. É um peixe territorialista, geralmente onívoro, que habita preferencialmente o fundo dos corpos d'água. Há o registro em trabalhos anteriores de espécies de digenéticos parasitando G. brasiliensis. O presente estudo traz a identificação de Sphincterodiplostomum musculosumDubois, 1936, um diplostomídeo comumente encontrado em diversas espécies teleósteas. Mais de 50% dos hospedeiros analisados estavam com seus olhos parasitados com metacercárias de S. musculosum. Houve correlação positiva entre o comprimento padrão dos hospedeiros e a abundância de S. musculosum, fato que corrobora com outros trabalhos deste parasito. Este trabalho registra pela primeira vez a ocorrência de S. musculosumem G. brasiliensis, sendo também a primeira citação deste parasito na região de Dois Córregos, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

Epidemiology and molecular genotyping of echinostome metacercariae in Filopaludina snails in Lamphun Province, Thailand

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the prevalence of echinostome metacercariae in Filopaludina dorliaris (F. dorliaris) and Filopaludina martensi martensi (F. martensi martensi) and genotype variation of echinostome metacercariae by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis.@*METHODS@#Filopaludina sp. snails were collected from eight localities of Lamphun Province, Northern Thailand and examined for echinostome metacercariae. RAPD-PCR was used to analyze genotype variation of echinostome metacercariae.@*RESULTS@#A total of 3 226 F. dorliaris and F. martensi martensi snails were collected from eight localities. The overall prevalences of echinostome metacercariae in F. dorliaris and F. martensi martensi were 40.89% and 36.27%, while the intensity of infection was 20.37 and 12.04, respectively. The dendrogram constructed base on RAPD profiles, 4 well supported domains were generated; (i) group of metacercariae from Ban Hong, Mae Ta, Meaung, Pa Sang, Toong Hua Chang, and Weang Nong that were clustered in the group of E. revolutum, (ii) Ban Thi, (iii) Lee, and (iv) 3 adults of an out group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This research demonstrated RAPD profiling has been a useful tool to detect DNA polymorphisms to determine genetic relationship between echinostome metacercariae in Lamphun Province, Northern Thailand.

New host records and a checklist of fishes infected with Austrodiplostomum compactum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) in Brazil / ovos registros de hospedeiros e "checklist" de peixes infectados por Austrodiplostomum compactum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) no Brasil

This study reports the infection of fishes by Austrodiplostomum compactum metacercariae in the Chavantes reservoir, medium Paranapanema River, municipality of Ipaussu, São Paulo State, Brazil. Twenty-three fish species were analysed, and 13 were infected with A. compactum metacercariae (56.5%) in their eyes. The following six fish species are new hosts for this metacercaria: Crenicichla haroldoi (1/1), Eigenmannia trilineata (11/6), Hoplosternum littorale (11/1), Iheringichthys labrosus (17/2), Leporinus amblyrhynchus (11/1), and Piaractus mesopotamicus (3/1). These new species increase the number of Brazilian fish species infected with this parasite to 36. Based on these findings, we hypothesise that the metacercariae larval stage of the parasite has a low specificity for the second intermediate host (fish). The majority of fish species infected in Brazil belong to the Loricariidae and Cichlidae families. For the fish species with higher mean abundances in Brazil, six are non-native species, and currently, Plagioscion squamosissimus has the highest mean abundance. The majority of fish species infected with A. compactum in Brazil are concentrated in the Paraná basin, although this may be related to the distribution of researchers.

Este estudo relata a infecção por metacercárias de Austrodiplostomum compactum em peixes do reservatório de Chavantes, médio Paranapanema, Ipaussu, São Paulo, Brasil. Vinte e três espécies de peixes foram analisadas, e 13 estavam infectadas com metacercárias (56,5%) em seus olhos. Seis espécies de peixes foram registradas como novos hospedeiros: Crenicichla haroldoi (1/1), Eigenmannia trilineata (11/6), Hoplosternum littorale (11/1), Iheringichthys labrosus (17/2), Leporinus amblyrhynchus (11/1), and Piaractus mesopotamicus (3/1), aumentando para 36 o número de peixes brasileiros infectados por este parasita. Assim, inferimos que este estágio larval do parasita possui baixa especificidade parasitária em relação ao seu segundo hospedeiro intermediário (peixes). No Brasil, a maioria das espécies de peixes infectadas pertence às famílias Loricariidae e Cichlidae. Quanto às espécies de peixes com as maiores abundâncias médias no Brasil, seis são espécies não-nativas, sendo Plagioscion squamosissimus a espécie com a maior abundância média. Ainda, a maioria das espécies de peixes infectadas por A. compactum no Brasil, estão concentradas na bacia do Paraná, sendo este fato possivelmente relacionado com a distribuição de pesquisadores.

Prevalence of human edible crabs infected with Paragonimus Uterobilateralis Metacercariae in southeastern Nigeria

This study was aimed at determining the seasonalityof relative abundance of human edible crab, Sudanautescaught from their natural habitats, and those sold for human consumption in local markets in endemic areas of South-eastern Nigeria, to assess their infection rate with P. uterobilateralis metacercariae. Crabs were caught from their natural habitat as well as bought from the market over a period of 12 months; they were then and examined in the laboratory for infection with metacercariae. The prevalence of metacercarial infection of the crabs in both groups showed no seasonal variation but oscillated throughout the year. In all, 151 (6.9%) of the crabs caught were infected with Paragonimus metacercariae. The monthly percentage of total infected crabs exhibited seasonality as the relative abundance, being relatively higher in the dry season months; peaking in the month of September but lowest in January. The monthly percentage of total infected crabs was higher than the percentage of crabs caught in five months: June, September, November, February, and May. There is need for innovative measures to discourage the local population from eating improperly cooked crabs so as to curb the epidemiological dangers of eating infected crabs.

First report of austrodiplostomum compactum and ithyoclinostomum dimorphum in trahira (hoplias malabaricus) from the middle course of the Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, Brazil / Primeiro relato de austrodiplostomum compactum e ithyoclinostomum dimorphum em traíras (hoplias malabaricus) provenientes do médio curso do rio doce, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Austrodiplostomum compactum and Ithyoclinostomum dimorphum are two trematodes commonly found in trahira, but these parasites were never reported in trahiras from Rio Doce. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the occurrence of A. compactum and I. dimorphum metacercariae in trahira from the middle course of the Rio Doce and to record the presence of eggs in I. dimorphum metacercariae. The parasites were identified and analyzed using methods described previously. There were found 10 A. compactum metacercariae in the aqueous humor of eyes in four of the trahiras and 12 I. dimorphum metacercariae encysted in the peritoneal cavity in five of the trahiras. Maceration of the I. dimorphum metacercariae revealed the presence of eggs. These results demonstrate the broad distribution of these parasites and the first report of these parasites in trahira from Rio Doce.

Austrodiplostomum compactum e Ithyoclinostomum dimorphum são dois trematódeos comumente encontrados em traíras, contudo, esses parasitas nunca foram relatados em traíras do Rio Doce. O objetivo do estudo é descrever a ocorrência de metacercárias de A. compactum e I. dimorphum, e presença de ovos em metacercárias de I. dimorphum em traíras provenientes do médio curso do Rio Doce. Os parasitas foram analisados e identificados utilizando métodos descritos anteriormente. Foram encontradas 10 metacercárias de A. compactum no humor aquoso dos olhos em quatro traíras e 12 metacercárias de I. dimorphum encistadas na cavidade peritoneal de cinco traíras. A maceração de metacercárias de I. dimorphum revelou a presença de ovos nestes parasitos. Esses resultados demonstram a ampla distribuição desses trematódeos e este é o primeiro relato destes parasitos em traíra do Rio Doce.

Metacercárias de Diplostomidae (Digenea: Diplostomoidea) em Geophagus brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) do rio Guandu, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Diplostomidae metacercariae (Digenea: Diplostomoidea) in Geophagus brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Guandu river, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo qualitativo e quantitativo das metacercárias de diplostomídeos em Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) do rio Guandu, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Entre abril de 2006 e março de 2007, foram coletados e necropsiados 200 espécimes de G. brasiliensis, sendo obtidos cinco morfotipos de metacercárias de diplostomídeos: Austrodiplostomum compactum, Diplostomum sp., Posthodiplostomum sp. 1, Posthodiplostomum sp. 2 e Neascus tipo 1. No presente trabalho, foram descritas as metacercárias de Diplostomum sp., Posthodiplostomum sp. 1 e Posthodiplostomum sp. 2, além de registrar novo sítio de infecção de A. compactum e aumentar o conhecimento da distribuição geográfica de Neascus tipo 1, causadora da doença dos pontos pretos. O presente trabalho aponta para a importância de G. brasiliensis como hospedeiro intermediário de trematódeos diplostomídeos e sobre a diversidade dessas larvas no rio Guandu.

The qualitative and quantitative analyses of diplostomid metacercariae in Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) of the Guandu river, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are provided. Between April 2006 and March 2007, 200 specimens of G. brasiliensis were collected and necropsied. Further, five morphotypes of diplostomid metacercariae were obtained, namely, Austrodiplostomum compactum, Diplostomum sp., Posthodiplostomum sp. 1, Posthodiplostomum sp. 2 and Neascus type 1. Whereas the metacercariae of Diplostomum sp., Posthodiplostomum sp. 1 and Posthodiplostomum sp. 2 were described, a new site of infection of A. compactum was registered and a new geographical report for Neascus type 1, responsible for the black-spot disease, has been added. Current investigation enhances the importance of G. brasiliensis as an intermediate host of diplostomid trematodes and the diversity of these larvae in the Guandu river.

Diplostomidae metacercariae (Digenea: Diplostomoidea) in Geophagus brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Guandu river, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v34i2.5957 / Metacercárias de Diplostomidae (Digenea: Diplostomoidea) em Geophagus brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) do rio Guandu, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v34i2.5957

The qualitative and quantitative analyses of diplostomid metacercariae in Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) of the Guandu river, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are provided. Between April 2006 and March 2007, 200 specimens of G. brasiliensis were collected and necropsied. Further, five morphotypes of diplostomid metacercariae were obtained, namely, Austrodiplostomum compactum, Diplostomum sp., Posthodiplostomum sp. 1, Posthodiplostomum sp. 2 and Neascus type 1. Whereas the metacercariae of Diplostomum sp., Posthodiplostomum sp. 1 and Posthodiplostomum sp. 2 were described, a new site of infection of A. compactum was registered and a new geographical report for Neascus type 1, responsible for the black-spot disease, has been added. Current investigation enhances the importance of G. brasiliensis as an intermediate host of diplostomid trematodes and the diversity of these larvae in the Guandu river.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo qualitativo e quantitativo das metacercárias de diplostomídeos em Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) do rio Guandu, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Entre abril de 2006 e março de 2007, foram coletados e necropsiados 200 espécimes de G. brasiliensis, sendo obtidos cinco morfotipos de metacercárias de diplostomídeos: Austrodiplostomum compactum, Diplostomum sp.,  Posthodiplostomum sp. 1, Posthodiplostomum sp. 2 e Neascus tipo 1. No presente trabalho, foram descritas as metacercárias de Diplostomum sp., Posthodiplostomum sp. 1 e  Posthodiplostomum sp. 2, além de registrar novo sítio de infecção de A. compactum e aumentar o conhecimento da distribuição geográfica de Neascus tipo 1, causadora da doença dos pontos pretos. O presente trabalho aponta para a importância de G. brasiliensis como hospedeiro intermediário de trematódeos diplostomídeos e sobre a diversidade dessas larvas no rio Guandu.

Metacercariae of Centrocestus formosanus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in Australoheros facetus (Pisces: Cichlidae) in Brazil / Metacercárias de Centrocestus formosanus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) em Australoheros facetus (Pisces: Cichlidae) no Brasil

Heterophyid metacercariae were found in the gills of Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842) collected from the Pampulha reservoir, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between February and April 2010. The cysts were counted and used to perform experimental studies (artificial excystment and infection of mice). Fifty specimens of A. facetus were analyzed and it was found that the prevalence of infection was 100% and mean infection intensity was 134 metacercariae/fish (range: 4-2,510). Significant positive correlations were seen between total fish length and intensity of infection; between fish weight and intensity of infection, and between parasite density and fish length. Morphological analyses on metacercariae and adult parasites obtained from experimentally infected mice made it possible to identify Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924). This is the first report of C. formosanus in A. facetus in Brazil.

Metacercárias de Heterophyidae foram encontradas nas brânquias de Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842) coletados na represa da Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, entre fevereiro e abril de 2010. Os cistos obtidos foram contados e utilizados em estudos experimentais (desencistamento artificial e infecção de camundongos). Cinquenta exemplares de A. facetus foram analisados, sendo verificada prevalência de infecção de 100% e intensidade média de infecção de 134 metacercárias/peixe (variando entre 4 e 2510). Verificou-se correlação positiva entre a intensidade de infecção e comprimento total dos peixes; entre a intensidade de infecção e o peso dos peixes e entre a densidade parasitária e o comprimento total. A análise morfológica das metacercárias e dos parasitos adultos obtidos em camundongos experimentalmente infectados permitiu a identificação de Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924). Este é o primeiro relato de C. formosanus em A. facetus no Brasil.

The occurrence of heterophyid metacercariae in freshwater fish from reservoirs

Background: Fish-borne trematode infection is a parasitic zoonosis with a great variety of clinical manifestations. According to current information, the metacercaria of heterophyid trematode can be found in freshwater fish, especially the cyprinoid group. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of Heterophyidae metacercariae in freshwater fish. Material and methods: A parasitological investigation was done using 129 fish from 17 species: Labiobarbus siamensis, Puntioplites proctozysron Barbodes gonionotus, Barbodes altus, Henicorhynchus siamensis, Hampala macrolepidota, Mystacoleucus marginatus, Notopterus notopterus, Pristolepis fasciatus, Anabas testudineus, Puntius brevis, Poropuntius deauratus, Cyclocheilichthys armatus, Osteochilus hasselti, Labiobarbus spilopleura, Lobocheilus davisi and Rasboratornieri. The fish were caught during the rainy season (June-September 2007) in the Chiang Mai water reservoirs (Mae Ngad and Mae Kuang) and the Chiang Rai water reservoirs (Nong Luang and Mae Tak). Results: The prevalence of heterophyid metacercariae infection at Mae Ngad, Mae Kuang, Nong Luang and Mae tak were 37.83%, 51.35%, 12.00% and 63.33%, respectively. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of Haplorchis metacercarial infection in cyprinoid fish. The highest intensity of heterophyid metacercariae infection in Barbodes gonionotus was in Mae Kuang at 104.

Fishborne Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

A survey was performed to investigate the infection status of fishborne trematode (FBT) metacercariae in freshwater fish from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. A total of 307 freshwater fish of 31 species were collected from 5 administrative regions of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. They were examined by artificial digestion method from July 2003 to August 2004. No metacercariae were detected in fish from Fusui-xian. In fish from Mashan-xian and a market in Nanning, 3 species of metacercariae, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis pumilio, and Centrocestus formosanus, were mainly detected. Metacercariae (8 in number) of Clonorchis sinensis were found in 1 Chanodichthys dabryi purchased from a market in Nanning. In fish from Yangshuo, Metagonimus yokogawai metacercariae were detected from all 18 fish species examined. Total 13 C. sinensis metacercariae were found in 3 out of 10 Hemibarbus maculatus from Yangshuo. All 7 Zacco platypus from Yangshuo were infected with 8-112 Echinochasmus perfoliatus metacercariae. In fish from Binyang-xian, H. pumilo metacercariae were mainly detected in all 5 fish species examined, and only 1 metacercaria of C. sinensis was found in a Hemiculter leucisculus. From the above results, it was confirmed that some species of freshwater fish play a role of second intermediate hosts for FBT in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. In particular, 4 species of intestinal flukes, M. yokogawai, H. taichui, H. pumilio, and C. formosanus, were prevalent in fish hosts, whereas C. sinensis metacercariae were detected only in 3 fish species.